That's fine, I'm okay with that. But what I want you to think about is just consider the orientation he has. You have to start people where they are. We can go all the way back to the beginning of this call where we were talking about the hook-lying position. It's the same kind of thing: where do I have the space available to me? So if I've got to compress wide, I know the space is out here somewhere. It's like, well, guess where you have to go.

Yeah. You got it. It's a twist, right? We've talked about this.

Exactly. So yes. So you think about like, again, you're always going to have to get external rotations and internal rotations. And to whatever degree you have the compressive strategy, you will see a magnification of that. So for every posterior compression orientation away, for every anterior compression orientation forward and down. So again, you could literally just go forward, forward, forward, forward, forward, forward, forward, forward, and then we're back to, there you go, Zach.

Okay. And so would that tip the right side of the pelvis forward more?

So my question is, I've noticed with some people when we do box squats, their knees buckle in during the descent and with other people when they start ascending. So I'm just wondering what's the difference between the two?

You got it. You have to say where it changes, right? Because I have a difference. I have a change in the orientation. So let's talk about the pelvis. Can we do that? Can we isolate it to the pelvis? Okay, cool. So think about the pelvic orientation as I land in early. So I've got an externally rotated inhale representation at the pelvis. That's a counter-nutation of the sacrum. And I have a delay strategy on the side of the landing. So if I'm stepping forward with my left foot, I have a left sacral base that is in a yielded representation, correct? Okay. Yeah. As I continue to move forward and I'm moving towards that middle representation, which is going to be the internal rotation representation of the pelvis, which is going to be a nutated sacrum. Instead of the sacrum base producing that yield, it's going to move inferiorly because I have a change in the orientation of the sacrum. But because the foot's on the ground, that side always has to move slower than the other side in a perfect world. So the yield is still on the same side, but its location—the way that the distribution of the yield is applied—is what changes, right?

Yeah. They twist.

Cause again, it's the visual that throws people off and then they make incorrect assumptions. But this is why—and again, you don't have to do table tests, but you need to understand what they mean. When I have the loss of external rotation at the hip, the only way that's going to happen is if I have to move the pelvis into a position that would take that motion away, right? Which would be pushing it into the anterior orientation.

Good morning. Happy Thursday. I have no copy in hand and it is perfect.

Got it.

Yeah.

No.

Yes.

Okay. With respect to losing position in terms of just being pushed into extension, right? And the need to avoid that. And what you said, that's not, we talked, you know, you said that's definitely not core. That's something else. What is this something else? What is it that?

So you still have range of motion excursions that you can use because they're going to be moving through the middle range of the movement where the pressure is highest, where you have concentric orientation, where you've got shape change of the pelvis. So you can still utilize your movement KPIs to help guide you and make sure that they're capturing that, right?

Yeah, okay. So just like manipulating the foot contacts. Got it.

On the fibula and the proximal tibia on the lateral side.

Here's how we tend to do that. Moving into a position with force would be counterproductive to inhale under those circumstances. If I'm trying to capture an inhaled representation at an end position like that, I would pause in that position, maintain the static orientation, and then breathe in there, versus trying to breathe in as, because when you're producing force, you're moving into a position with force, that is a compressive behavior. And so again, if I'm trying to produce the end position where I would want expansion, I would want ER, I will move them into the position with an exhale and then inhale where I want that expansion to occur, versus trying to breathe in, which is so, it's almost uncomfortable to try to do it. And then there's not much force behind it. So again, what is the point of moving through a force producing position without it, right? And if it's interference, then you just wouldn't select that activity. You would just put them in the expanded representation and you would breathe there. And that's how you start, like in the rehab environment, you just start people in a static representation to teach them how to re-expand, and then you teach them to move in and out of them, and then you can sequence the breathing. So, you've done the heels elevated squat, where you exhale to sticking point, inhale below. I actually haven't done it myself, no. Okay, but that would be kind of what I'm talking about is that it's like the reason I would have them exhale into that sticking point is because that's the natural force producing position. I want to coordinate the internal pressure mechanics to match the sequence of the exercise. So I don't want to alter the coordination. Okay, that would naturally occur. I'm just going to make sure that I would move them into the position where they would expand produce ER and then produce the expansion there versus trying to move into it. Okay.

And you can actually see this. If you watch a punch in slow motion, you watch the musculature and you can see it. So if I was throwing, like again, the straight right, it's like taking a step forward with the left foot. So I'm pushing late into the lead foot. The lead foot hits the ground, creates the max propulsion that stops the forward momentum. That drives the internal rotation up. Okay. The arm is still back. So, the internal rotation comes up towards the shoulder. And I actually create a differential between the arm and the trunk. So the trunk goes first, the arm stays back, kind of like pulling the rubber band back. Yeah. So, it creates a yielding right in the shoulder. So I have a differential between axial skeleton and arm. Okay. And then as the internal rotation propagates down the arm, that's what pushes. So I have an external rotation that leads. So I have to create expansion toward and then I have the internal rotation force that comes behind it. Okay. Okay, which is why if you if you've ever if you've ever done any training they say to punch through. Yes, if you're hitting a heavy bag. I don't want to talk about hitting people. But if you hit it if you hit a heavy bag you punch through the surface of the bag because I want that I want that internal rotation wave to propagate through the entire fist if you will okay if if I if I pull my punch that means I'm stopping the internal rotation wave here. I don't let the wave propagate. So I dampen it as it approaches the hand. And so that's where I would stop at the surface. And so do you teach combatives?

So, this is all process. All we're talking about here is process. You understand the mechanics of what you're going to create potentially. And then it's like, okay, how far do they move when you intervene? And that's the question you're asking. So you don't know. You do something and then you say, okay, that's in the favorable direction. I will do a little bit more of that. And then I will monitor that change and make sure it's still trending in the right direction, right? And then you're communicating with them. If we're talking about symptom relief and things like that, that's going to be something that you would monitor as well. And that might give you the answer that you're looking for in terms of how much do I need to bring you back? So, somebody reports a reduction of symptoms but not resolution, then you probably did something that's favorable in regards to creating adaptability. Maybe you didn't create enough, maybe you didn't create enough in the right direction. So, in those weird cases where you do something with an intention, like let's just say you were trying to create ER space and maybe you moved them a little bit in that direction, but you picked up a ton of IR and they go, oh, that feels better, but in your head, you're going, okay, but that wasn't what I was really trying to do. So you created more adaptability, so you expanded the excursion that they can move through, but you didn't access the starting position into ER that you wanted. So again, that symptom relief versus the performance aspect of it that was your original intention, you still have to test. So it's always intervention and then reassess, and then intervention and reassess, intervention reassess. Because again, the questions that you're asking are great questions, but they are resolved in process. Because your predictive capabilities are slim.

Right. Maybe that is all you have. I don't know. I'm not working with you. I don't know what my point is. It's like that would represent the peak moment of internal rotation. Right. Because you're on the website. Yes, because I'm pushing the right sacral base forward to square to the front. Squaring to the front is going to be... make the pulse. It's going to make the pulse. And so you should see peak internal rotation show up. If it doesn't, like I said, it's not a bad thing. It just tells you, it's like, oh, I still have an orientation going on here. That's why I didn't pick up more internal rotation. So when you're pushing into the wall with your right foot, you're orienting your whole pelvis. Like you hit a point where you've maxed out your internal rotation and then the remainder of that activity becomes orientation. So I would look at, bring yourself back more on the right and then look at the position that you're in in that right propulsive strategy. So my guess is, here you go, you get your foot too high on the wall.

Okay. Or am I just trying to create a buffer to end range of motion, which would be something that might be useful in a static stretching kind of a situation.

You just have to build it. Never force people into a position. You just encourage the mechanics that allow them to get there. So you start them where they're comfortable and then you work them back in. They'll be like, you could put a box underneath their hips, so they can box squat, but it'll be a wide stance box squat. Chances are you're gonna be reaching forward with a plate or something to that effect, where they're reaching forward to help them create some of the yielding actions that they need to access space.

But well, just think about this though. If the elbow, the medial elbow is staying expanded and long. I have to create a rate change in the flexor at the elbow, and I can't do it from the elbow to the hand, so I do it from the hand to the elbow, but that's where you get the overload on the medial aspect of the elbow at the flexor tendon because it's an active strategy to try to close the medial elbow in time. So when Fred was talking about the climbers, it's the same thing. It's like, so you think about the really like, you know, when you get in like a, like a, they do the little hook thingy like that when they're climbing, right? That's a bunch of finger flexor stuff like crazy. That's going to load the medial elbow, right? So that's a distal to proximal problem. When you get a tendon problem in the elbow, it's going to be from the hand proximally. It doesn't mean you don't have any orientation problems, but your solution is going to include this wrist in hand because you've got to reduce the constant orientation, you've got to reduce the overcoming action at the elbow.

He's 26.

Yeah. Do you think I'm ever gonna see what would be the average representation on him? What do you mean? Do you think I'm going to turn him into a 60-40 ER to IR hip?

No, I get the concept and how that works, but I'm having a little difficulty reconciling it. When we hit the bottom of the squat and I look at the tibial angle relative to the foot normally in early propulsion, if we get it right, we've got it oriented the opposite way. So I'm just curious about how that works, whether that's one of an anomaly in that circumstance or...

Okay, so you've talked a lot about mentorship and mentee ship and its benefits in both directions for the mentor and the mentee. And, you know, I've had a lot of mentors, just through the years that I've been studying the stuff and learning the stuff and I've had positive experiences, I've had negative experiences and I think both have been great for different reasons but what I wanted to ask you was how has your thought process in regards to being a mentor changed over the years and what does that kind of look like now and how has it helped you in the rest of this sort of space of physical therapy and training?

Yeah, I think this, just as far as trying to restore relative motion, I ran into a lot of problems or, like, a lot of walls as far as, you know, not respecting the activity in certain tissues when doing certain activities. So, like, for instance, like, trying to get, like, space in the pelvis and then using, like, you know, hamstrings to stabilize the pelvis, which would be an overcoming action, but then sort of that's causing interference with restoring that motion.

If we look at something local, like muscular contraction, so if a concentrically oriented muscle, there's actually a higher pressure within that muscle. The intramuscular pressure is higher as we reduce the concentric orientation, we have a reduction in pressure there as well. So again, we always have compression expansion taking place somewhere at some time. It all depends on where we're looking. We're also going to see this as global strategies. So every movement that you have is going to have some peak moment of force output, which will be representative of the compressive strategy. To what degree is then dependent on what you're doing. If you're drinking a glass of water, it's not going to be your maximum peak force that you could produce, but there is going to be a peak in that moment in time. If I'm doing a vertical jump, it's a little bit easier to see that representation of that peak moment. So again, so every sporting movement is going to have this expansion to compression, to expansion representation. If we're talking about a high jump, the moment that the high jumper plants his foot into the ground, there's going to be a peak resultant, and then as he leaves the ground he's going to re-expand. Sprinter, same thing, hitting the ground. Compression to expansion. If I'm throwing a baseball, there's a moment in time where everything squeezes tight. Time stops and I produce this maximum output of force. It's just very, very brief and so we don't see these things because our eyes just can't stop time to recognize that. But we can see these things. We can measure these things in force plates and we can watch it on video and such. So Ryan, everything becomes this compression to expansion to compression. If we look at the universal principles, if you will, we can get really off the deep end here. And we can say that, okay, spacetime has a very specific shape that looks like that. And that's called a light cone because light behaves the same way, time behaves the same way, space, the influence of gravity, et cetera, all play into this sort of expansion, compression expansion. If you're theoretically near a black hole, you would probably recognize this shape as well. So again, this is all theoretical physics stuff, which is way above my pay grade. But anyway, it makes us a nice representation when we talk about our external rotation and internal rotation representations of how we move. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to expand that point where I have the meeting of the two cones a little bit so I can show you where this internal rotation moment is. And now we can start to influence this. So now we're going to go to Andrew's question. So Andrew says,