Is that just because you're in that hook line position or?

Okay. So it goes up and out. Right. Yes. You follow. Okay. So the scapulothoracic angle gets squished, shoulder girdle rides up the conical shape of the rib cage. Everything gets compressed A to P that has to turn the sockets outward more and more and more. They turn up and out to get external rotation. Okay. Take that same scenario and move it down to the pelvis. Okay. So you have to get more and more external rotation orientation. So they get compressed A to P in the pelvis and the sockets will have to turn up and out to find external rotation. Okay. Because I have to have a space to move in until I run out of space, of course, which does happen. Okay. And so that's what you end up looking at when you have these really severe representations of lots of external rotation, no internal rotation, until they get so much compression that they start to lose all of that external rotation representation too, because they can't get a, their spine stops moving. This is something that still has a spine that's moving, right? That's allowing them to capture some of the external rotation representation. Okay. You probably still have some orientation to deal with. But generally speaking, you've got somebody that literally, how do you get 80 degrees of external rotation? Well, you have a socket that points outwards, and you have a spine that can turn in that direction.

Right? So when I do it, it's here, here, here. here.

I guess that's what you call it here.

Right, that's where your delay is going to happen because it's just like the foot being stuck to the ground as you're moving over top of it, right? And you know that these are rules of propulsion, right? This is how you produce movement in a forward direction.

Yeah.

So we have to clarify this. When we talk about expansion anteriorly, that represents the potential for internal rotation. As you internally rotate, that area will compress. For instance, if I'm looking at a shoulder for internal rotation, it's easy when I see. I would have to have anterior expansion in the thorax to access the space that I would be turning into. As I turn into that space, it compresses and that's why shoulder motion eventually stops. Otherwise your shoulder would spin all the way around. The shape of the thorax provides the space, and the shape change allows the scapula to rest in a specific position, which puts the joint in a specific position, which puts the fluid inside the joint in a specific position to allow that motion to occur. I will move towards that expansion. But as I move into that space, it will compress. If we were talking about shifting your center of gravity forward and we're talking about the pelvis, if my center of gravity is too far forward, I push back against myself to hold myself over my feet, over my base of support. If I am far enough forward and I've compressed myself back to stay on my feet, then I would not have that representative internal rotation because I don't have the expansion in that direction. I don't have the shape that allows the joints to move in that direction. It's a sequence of events: a shape change in the axial skeleton that places the extremity in a specific position to allow access to those motions. If you take a towel and twist it as tight as you can, you can't twist it any tighter. If I untwist the towel, if I start with an untwisted towel, I can twist it a lot. The untwisted towel is the expansion; the twisted towel is the compressed representation. So if I want to be able to move into a space, I have to create the space first. That's why you have to expand anteriorly for internal rotation and posteriorly for external rotation. Does that make sense?

Okay.

Right. And then it peaks where it's going to be the highest force into the ground. And then you move into your late representation, which is definitely proximal to distal still. You get this sort of ramp up of force application where it becomes, so if we were defining it as closed chain, it would become more and more and more closed chain. And then that would be the early representation. And then it maxes out where I apply the greatest force into the ground. That would be the most closed chain element of walking. And then as I move into a late representation, it becomes less and less closed chain and more open chain.

Yeah, they were sitting too far back on the ischium, I think. And I think I just had to push them later. And I was like.

So immediately they're closer to their helical angle. So the range of motion is better in those ranges, and then their force production is better in those ranges.

Yeah.

Right. So connective tissues are dumb. Not much of a brain. They behave based on the physical principles of their structure. They are adaptable to a degree. That's what we do with training: we expand or narrow their capability of responding in certain situations. If you were training a high jumper who jumped off his left foot, he would have to do thousands of left foot jumps. The connective tissues on one side of his body would behave differently than the other side because they have to. That adaptation occurs over time. You're training those tissues on one side of the body to behave very specifically at the right time, under the right circumstances, with the appropriate direction, variability, et cetera. It's a little more predictable, which is nice. It's not like training a field athlete in an emergent environment. High jumps are predictable—you know where the bar is going to be, where the ground's going to be, where you're going to hit the ground before you take off. Whereas if you're playing soccer, that's a much less predictable environment. It has some fixed elements—field and player orientations—but it's more emergent. Because it's less predictable, you have to train them for that. They have to be adaptable enough to absorb perturbations. Take your high jumper example and put a defender in front of the high jump pit. You have to get around me first, then you get the high jump—which is unrealistic, but that would be the difference. Again, you have to think about how the force is applied. If you're in an unpredictable atmosphere, you have to train your sport in that unpredictable environment.

Yeah, I get more of a delay.

So it's closer to max.

In fact, that's what you have to do at some point in time. At some point in time, you have to challenge that because that's how you know that the effective change will stay, like they can actually access it. So you create the scenario first, you make sure that they understand it, they have a sensation to chase. And you say, now let me see if you can do it yourself. So now I say, I'm going to hold you back and prevent you from going into this late representation. This is what it's going to feel like. Now let's see if you can do it. Otherwise, they just go right back into the old strategy. They're going to push themselves into late representations, and then you're back to square one.

Like the inner part of the PC form.

What's your task? I think that's going to be in July, so I have time, but. Oh yeah, it looks like that. Been a while.

I'm struggling to see how the tape is helping that. Because it seems to me that if I'm coming lateral under to medial, I feel like I'm putting her into an externally rotated foot, which apparently she already is in.

You understand? Yeah. I always imagine it being one or the other, but like you said, I guess they always exist.

I thought about doing that, but I would try it on myself, not on my clients.

That would be terrible.

No. So that's someone where you're going lighter, but you're probably getting the yield and other structures.

So you'll see people open up. They're going to try to open up into those positions, right? Again, you're going to see more ER orientation, more compensatory strategies for the ER on the more vertical helical axis.

So I'm making reference to the pelvic orientation, like what causes the pelvic orientation to move anteriorly as opposed to moving into a sway back posture?

Yeah. Also looks like, so take, yeah.

Okay. So maybe a better way to look at it would be if you have a wider pelvis, the innominates would be relatively, in standing, right? Like the innominates would be relatively posteriorly oriented, which would allow the sacrum to nutate more, right? Because you're getting that relative motion, that's allowing it to just go up.

Okay. So all that is is a compensatory strategy to drive internal rotation, isn't it? Okay. So step number one is we have to find ER space. Okay. Now, if I were to use a late propulsive representation where I'm pushing the face of the sacrum forward, would I enhance the IR representation of that spine or would I reduce it?

Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Because it's outside your base of support. So again, it's like hold your hands fixed, right? So put the weight right over your left foot, right over your left foot. Put it right over your left foot. Okay. Nam, don't move your hands, but put your body in a position where the weight would then be outside of the base of support. No, the other way, the other way, the other way. That's what you're doing when you chop outside of your body. So you're moving towards a late representation, which is fine if that's what you want to do. But you have to recognize the fact that you're not capturing relative motion. You're reducing the relative motion under those circumstances. So if you're to do a Instead of the chopping motion, the lifting motion on a diagonal, it's much easier to produce the late representation under those circumstances. It's very easy to see that late representation. But when you chop outside the base of support, it's a lot harder to see it because everybody's looking at the hands. They're not looking at the response of the body to that position. Okay, so there's two options when you chop outside the base of support. I can go with it, I can turn with it, but understand that that turn is just an orientation. I'm just turning my body towards the load, whereas if I can turn away from the load, which is very difficult to do under that circumstance, it's very difficult. I'd be going in the opposite direction, which would be a late representation. But again, that the orientation or the movement away are both a loss of relative motion.

In that case, it would be flexion.