Good morning. Happy Monday. I have neural coffee in hand and it is perfect. We had a very busy morning already rolling. We're going to dig straight into today's Q&A. This is with Alec. Alec asks another great foundational question regarding where we see the expressions of certain ranges of motion. We're talking about the shape change we've discussed. Over the years we've discussed it as such. The mechanical representations of levers and pulleys can be useful at times, but what we're really talking about is accessing spaces. There is no place where we'll see a representation of what we would call full range of motion. What we have are expressions of certain aspects of movement based on certain spaces. In certain spaces we'll be able to access more external rotation than internal rotation. If we have appropriate shape changes, we should be able to see an expression of the internal rotation being superimposed on the external rotation. This is what we're actually seeing as we're moving people through space and taking measurements or watching them move dynamically and accessing spaces. It all comes down to the shape change, which makes this a very important question for a lot of people. Thank you, Alec. If you would like to participate in a 15-minute consultation, please go to askbillhartman at gmail.com. Please put '15 minute consultation' in the subject line so I don't delete it. We'll arrange that at our mutual convenience. Don't forget to include your question in the email. Everybody have an outstanding Monday and I'll see you tomorrow.

So to go back, we just want to know about every range of motion available, from end range to whatever, like maybe the five miles down here you go.

You don't. So there is no position where you have all measures available.

I understand that. I'm more talking of an individual that is able to change shape to access [movement].

That's the important thing to recognize. So again, it's like if I put you in an early representation of just taking a step forward, right? You don't have access to full range of motion under certain circumstances. This goes back to our discussion last week about the full and the normal. There is no position where all of those exist at any one time. It's as you're moving that the shape change can take place and it allows what we have represented as a full excursion to take place. So if you're in an early representation, for you to place yourself there, you have to have a significant external rotation measure available, and then you have to be able to superimpose an element of internal rotation on that. You will have internal rotation, but it will not be the maximal representation of internal rotation under any circumstance. So if you were stepping forward, that leg is positioned towards external rotation as it's about to strike the ground, which means you've got to have a lot of external rotation. This is going to be towards the extreme of the average. If I'm a narrow stance stance, like a crazy narrow stance, that external rotation for me is actually more than it would be for the average Joe. So I would expect to have more external rotation available under those circumstances. Therefore, I would have lesser internal rotation, but I should still have it. As I move towards middle, there has to be a shape change that takes place that allows that internal rotation to increase by my measure. Which means that external rotation and internal rotation are becoming more similar. That means that the external rotation measure will lessen, and the internal rotation measure will increase because that's what the shape change should do. So as I go towards any representation that would constitute like middle propulsion, a sticking point in a squat, any of those measures, I should see an increase in the internal rotation relative to the external rotation. So the external rotation should drop off, and the internal rotation will be more represented because they're becoming more and more the same. They're not separate as much as before. As I move towards a later representation, I should again see the increasing external rotation representation and a progressive drop off of internal rotation.

Yeah.

Okay. That means that the ER measure will lessen, the IR measure will increase because that's what the shape change should do. So as I go towards any representation that would constitute like middle propulsion, a sticking point in a squat, right? Any of those measures, I should see an increase in the IR relative to the ER. So the ER should drop off and the IR will be more represented because they're, like I said, they're becoming more and more the same. So they're not separate as much as before. Right? Okay. And then as I move towards like a later representation, I should again see the increasing ER representation and a progressive drop off of internal rotation. Okay, so I'm gonna give you a test question, is that okay?

Yeah, go ahead.

Okay, the traditional measure of hip abduction. What is that measuring in regards to early, middle, or late representations of external rotation?

That would be representation of ER in middle.

No, you're so close though. You're so close. It is a representation of ER, but it's a late representation of ER. So that's the leg action. So again, planar thinking screws the whole show. Because people say the leg is behind you. And so they'll say, well, the hip is extended. It's like, no, it's not. It's actually rotated, which is that ER measure. So abduction as you're walking. As the leg is behind you and your toe is on the ground, your heel is up. That's a late representation of propulsion. That's actually an ER representation. The pelvis had to change shape into ER.

Sorry, did you say adduction or abduction? AB, AB. Okay. When someone's on their back with their knee pointing to the ceiling. That was the question?

No. AB, AB. Yeah, like away from midline.

Okay, I did not.

AB, AB.

Yeah, like away from midline.

Thank you.

In what context? In gate?

If you're walking, I don't care if you're laying on your side and I lift your leg up to the side. It's not going up to the side. It's moving into ER relative to where the pelvis is. Yeah. Otherwise it doesn't go. Like if you got limited abduction, guess what? You are so oriented, you are so pushed forward and oriented, you can't even, like, you just don't have any space. You are like stuck.

Okay, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.

Okay? All right. No, again, I just want you to see where these representations take place. Okay? So if I have the capacity to move the hip through the excursion of what would be traditional flexion, the pelvis has to be able to change its shape. It has to be able to access an ER position and the IR position for me to have that full excursion. It's not just the hip joint like pivoting in the acetabulum. It's like, if you don't get the shape change that's associated approximately, you don't have that range of motion. It stops. Like literally it stops moving. And so again, that's, I think that's the question that you're asking. It's like, it's like to throw out a number at you. I don't know how valuable it would be. But you, what you would do is again, this is where the averages are actually useful. It's like, I can make a comparison, but then I have to understand it's like, where am I measuring this? Right? So if you measure hip internal rotation with the hip bent 90 degrees.

Yeah.

The pelvis has to be able to change its shape. It has to be able to access an ER position and the IR position for me to have that full excursion. It's not just the hip joint like pivoting in the acetabulum. It's like, if you don't get the shape change that's associated approximately, you don't have that range of motion. It stops. Like literally it stops moving. And so again, that's, I think that's the question that you're asking. It's like, it's like to throw out a number at you. I don't know how valuable it would be. But you, what you would do is again, this is where the averages are actually useful. It's like, I can make a comparison, but then I have to understand it's like, where am I measuring this? Right? So if you measure hip internal rotation with the hip bent 90 degrees. And then you measure hip internal rotation with the hip at what would be traditional zero degrees of extension.

Yeah.

And then you measure hip internal rotation with the hip at what would be traditional zero degrees of extension.

Yeah.

Those are two different measures because the direction that the energy is traveling to create those shapes. Okay. He's going in different directions.

Okay.

So maybe it's because I, let me stop you. Let me see if I can say something that's going to help you. And then you don't have to ask your question.

Go ahead.