Good morning. Happy Monday. I have neuro-coffee in hand and it is perfect. All right, time is short. We're going to dig straight into today's Q&A. This is with Tovar. Tovar is new to the Coffee and Coaches Conference call, but asks a couple of great questions. And so we were talking about capturing early representations of propulsion and hook-line activities and such. And then this led to, oh, I've got this question about my feet and some shoes. And we started talking a little bit about an early shoe representation, which is usually a good recommendation in many circumstances for people that appear to have a low arch and are trying to capture an early representation. And so I wanted to throw up an early shoe that we were talking about. One of the things that we want to look at is this rear foot position. When we look at the sole, it's squared to the back. That would be an earlier representation of a shoe. As they land, this cushion has to compress and then that slows down the foot as it's moving from its initial ground contact to the early representation of that foot position. This shoe has a little bit of an arch in it because we've got an ER representation of the foot and it's got a very rigid heel counter which is what we're looking for. What we don't want in a shoe under the circumstances where we're trying to capture early is what's called an increased rocker on the back. This is a little bit of one. I had to rob the gorgeous shoes from the closet here. It's got a little bit of a cut off here. You can kind of see that the rocker is increased here. What that actually does is it accelerates the foot forward and gets the tibia moving very, very quickly. And this would be more of a later representation of a shoe under those circumstances, which would push somebody forward, which is what we don't want under those circumstances when we're trying to slow the tibia down. So just to give you a little bit of a representation as to shoe types, but when we go through this discussion as to what type of a shoe that we would be looking at, that gives you a couple of ideas. If you have any questions about that, I'm sure you'll post those up. Everybody have an outstanding Monday and we will see you tomorrow.

Or are my shoes barefoot or do I always have flat feet? Would you recommend that I have elevated shoes and also like this thing?

An arch in your shoe? Yes. It may behoove you to do so. And again, it's like a shoe representation for you if you're pushing into the ground. So that's what that low arch means is that you're pushing into the ground. So it just depends on whether you've got an ER foot that's pushing into the ground or if it's an exaggeration of what would be represented in middle. And so there are certain adaptations that can take place here within the foot that you might need to accommodate, generally speaking. The safest way to do this is to get a shoe that has a little bit of structure to it so you can feel where your heel is in space and a little bit of an arch because what the arch does is it slows you down from going forward too fast. And so if you're pushing into the ground that you're trying to get yourself forward faster. The arch slows your foot down. And so it may allow you to actually reduce some of the muscle activity that we were discussing before, allow you to capture some of the internal rotation, which would be an early representation. So again, early propulsion is an externally rotated foot that has an arch, but the tibia is behind the foot and moving forward more slowly. So flat shoes, you know, like sandals and barefoot walking is not necessarily your solution.

Okay.

Does that make sense?

Yes. Thank you, Bruce.

You're very welcome, sir.

Bill, can I have a follow-up to that? It's for someone who has very ER feet with high arches. Could you use—I just want to hear your thoughts on how important it is to have an arch to feel where the arch is compared to just wearing a barefoot shoe for someone who's really high-arched? So just having something there that lets you lower the arch into the shoe? What's the problem here, though? Hang on, what's the problem?

Of course.

It's for someone who has very externally rotated feet with high arches. Could you tell me how important it is to have an arch to feel where the arch is compared to just wearing a barefoot shoe for someone who has really high arches? So just having something there that lets you lower the arch into position. What's the problem here though? Hang on, what's the problem?

What kind of a foot are you actually looking at?

Here, late, late.

Okay, so what's the solution? Is the problem of the arch then?

No, it's slowing the tibia down.

Okay, all right. So then what do I need to bring the tibia back so it can turn inward?

I have to get a weight back. And I still need an arch because I have to come to earlier.

Right. So it's not the arch that's the problem. It's the rate at which the center of gravity is moving forward, right?

Yeah.

Right? So I still want an ER. I still want the ER foot. And that would be an arch in a shoe, but the goal here is just to slow them down.

Right.

Yeah.

Yeah.

Okay. So you want to do that shoe that's going to emphasize an early representation.

All right. So it would be the width and the curvature. It would be wider.

When you look at the back of the shoe, right? If you're looking at the shoe, oh, here we go. I'm looking at the side. I want to see this being vertical, right? Like the running shoe that has the big curve on the back. You know what I'm talking about? It looks like it's chopped off at an angle on the back. Those are the shoes they hit on the ground and it throws them forward very quickly. That's a late, that's a late propulsive shoe. Very useful under certain circumstances, right? But if I want to slow them down, I want a heel that's kind of squared off to the back because they land on that. And now this has to compress, that slows it down. That creates a yield right in the connector tissues, which is why what I wanted in the first place. Then I can worry about having an arch. It's not about feeling the arch. They already have one. I want the behavior to be represented.

All right.

You know what I'm talking about? When a shoe looks like it's chopped off at an angle on the back, those are the shoes that hit the ground and throw the wearer forward very quickly. That's a late propulsive shoe, which is very useful under certain circumstances. But if I want to slow someone down, I want the heel to be squared off to the back because they land on that area, which compresses and slows down the motion. That creates yield in the connective tissues, which is what I wanted in the first place. Then I can worry about having an arch. It's not about feeling the arch—they already have one. I want the behavior to be represented.

With a running shoe, you're basically falling through too early. If you're expressing it at all, you're getting pushed way forward, way fast.

Right? It's as though they're getting pushed way forward, way fast.

All right. Does that make sense? Thank you. Yes, sir.